1. Hana mua i ka wai make-up
ʻO nā kino wai maoli ka lepo, ka lepo, humus a me nā mea i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia a me nā colloidal impurities a me nā bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses a me nā microorganisms ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā lākou kahi kūpaʻa i ka wai, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka turbidity wai, kala a me ka ʻala.Ke komo nei kēia mau mea kūlohelohe i ka ion exchanger, hoʻohaumia i ka resin, hoʻemi i ka hiki ke hoʻololi o ka resin, a pili pū i ka maikaʻi o ka effluent o ka ʻōnaehana desalting.ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka coagulation, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kānana ʻana e wehe i kēia mau haumia e like me ke kumu nui, i hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike o ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai ma lalo o 5mg/L, ʻo ia hoʻi, e loaʻa ai ka wai i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia.Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hana mua wai.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wai ma ke ʻano he wai paila wale nō ke wehe ʻia nā paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai e ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ion a hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā kinoea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana a i ʻole ka puhi ʻana.Inā ʻaʻole i wehe mua ʻia kēia mau haumia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka mālama ʻana (desalting).No laila, ʻo ka mālama coagulation o ka wai he loulou koʻikoʻi i ke kaʻina hana wai.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua o ka mana wela penei: ka wai maka → coagulation → precipitation and clarification → filtration.ʻO nā coagulants maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana coagulation he polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, alumini sulfate, ferric trichloride, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka polyaluminum chloride, i kapa ʻia ʻo PAC, ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka lehu alumini a i ʻole nā minela alumini e like me nā mea maka, i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me kekahi kaomi me ka alkali a me ka hopena alumini i hana ʻia ka polymer, nā mea maka a me nā kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole like nā kikoʻī o ka huahana.ʻO ke kumu molekole o PAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, kahi n hiki ke helu i waena o 1 a me 5, a o ka m ka huinahelu o ka hui 10. Hiki mai ka PAC ma na ano paa a me na ano wai.
2.Coagulation hana
ʻEkolu mau hopena koʻikoʻi o nā coagulants ma nā ʻāpana colloidal i loko o ka wai: ka hoʻokaʻawale uila, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka adsorption a me ka sweeping.ʻO wai o kēia mau hopena ʻekolu ka mea nui e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka coagulant, ke ʻano a me ka ʻike o nā ʻāpana colloidal i ka wai, a me ka waiwai pH o ka wai.ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o ka polyaluminum chloride ua like ia me ka alumini sulfate, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka alumini sulfate i ka wai e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o Al3+ e hana ana i nā ʻano like ʻole hydrolyzed.
Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka polyaluminum chloride e like me nā huahana waena i ke kaʻina o ka hydrolysis a me ka polymerization o ka alumini chloride i loko o Al(OH)3 ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.Aia pololei ia i loko o ka wai ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano polymeric like ʻole a me A1(OH)a(s), me ka ʻole o ke kaʻina hydrolysis o Al3+.
3. Hoʻohana a hoʻoikaika i nā kumu
1. Ka wela o ka wai
Loaʻa ka mana o ka mahana o ka wai i ka hopena coagulation.Ke haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hydrolysis o ka coagulant, ʻoiai inā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka wai ma mua o 5 ℃, lohi ka hydrolysis rate, a ʻo ka flocculant i hoʻokumu ʻia he ʻano manuahi, ka wai kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻāpana maikaʻi.Ke haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka wai, hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻonā ʻana o nā ʻāpana colloidal, lōʻihi ka manawa flocculation, a lohi ka sedimentation rate.Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mahana wai o 25 ~ 30 ℃.
2. pH waiwai o ka wai
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hydrolysis o ka polyaluminum chloride kahi hana o ka hoʻokuʻu mau ʻana o H+.No laila, ma lalo o nā kūlana pH like ʻole, e loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa hydrolysis intermediates, a ʻo ka waiwai pH maikaʻi loa o ka mālama coagulation polyaluminum chloride ma waena o 6.5 a me 7.5.ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka coagulation i kēia manawa.
3. Ka nui o ka coagulant
Ke lawa ʻole ka nui o ka coagulant i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koena turbidity i ka wai hoʻokuʻu.I ka nui loa o ka nui, no ka mea, o ka colloidal particles i loko o ka wai adsorb excessive coagulant, ka waiwai hoʻoili o ka colloidal particles loli, ka hopena i ke koena turbidity i ka effluent mahuahua hou.ʻO ke kaʻina hana coagulation ʻaʻole ia he hopena kemika maʻalahi, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano i koi ʻia e like me ka helu ʻana, akā pono e hoʻoholo ʻia e like me ka maikaʻi o ka wai e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano kūpono;Ke hoʻololi ka maikaʻi o ka wai i ke kau, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka dosage e like me ia.
4. Hoʻopili pili
Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka coagulation a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka ua, inā aia kekahi ʻāpana o ka lepo i loko o ka wai, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hopena o ka mālama coagulation.Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi ākea ākea, ma o ka adsorption, catalysis a me crystallization core, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena o ka mālama coagulation.
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe coagulation kahi ala i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka mālama wai i kēia manawa.Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana polyaluminum chloride e like me ka flocculant mālama wai, me ka hana coagulant maikaʻi, floc nui, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, wikiwiki wikiwiki, ākea ākea a me nā pono ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka flocculant dosage hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia e 1/3 ~ 1 / 2, hiki ke mālama ʻia ke kumukūʻai 40%.Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka hana o ka kānana valveless a me ka kānana kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka turbidity o ka wai maka, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka effluent o ka ʻōnaehana desalt, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ka resin desalt, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai hana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-22-2024
