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Urea
ʻO ia ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia me ke kalapona, ka nitrogen, ka oxygen a me ka hydrogen, kekahi o nā pūhui organik maʻalahi loa, a ʻo ia ka huahana hope loa o ka protein metabolism a me ka decomposition i loko o nā mammals a me kekahi mau iʻa, a ua hui ʻia ka urea e ka amonia a me ke kalapona. dioxide ma ka ʻoihana ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.
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Ammonium Bicarbonate
ʻO ka ammonium bicarbonate he hui keʻokeʻo, granular, pā a i ʻole nā kolamu kolamu, ʻala amonia.ʻO ka ammonium bicarbonate kahi ʻano carbonate, ʻo ka ammonium bicarbonate he ammonium ion i loko o ke ʻano kemika, he ʻano paʻakai ammonium, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hui pū ʻia ka paʻakai ammonium me ka alkali, no laila ʻaʻole pono e hui pū ʻia ka ammonium bicarbonate me ka sodium hydroxide a i ʻole calcium hydroxide. .
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Kapona kalapona
He mea anoano, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ka pauka crystalline keʻokeʻo, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, alkaline i loko o ka wai wai, hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol, acetone, a me ka etera.Hiki i ka hygroscopic ikaika, i ʻike ʻia i ka lewa ke komo i ka carbon dioxide a me ka wai, i loko o ka potassium bicarbonate.
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Potasuma Chloride
He hui anoano e like me ka paakai ma ka nana aku, he aniani keokeo me ka paakai loa, ka mea ala, a me ka ono ole.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, etera, glycerol a me ka alkali, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol anhydrous, hygroscopic, maʻalahi i ka caking;Piʻi wikiwiki ka solubility i ka wai me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, a hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻia me nā paʻakai sodium e hana i nā paʻakai potassium hou.
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Ferrous Sulfate
ʻO ka ferrous sulfate he mea anorganic, ʻo ka crystalline hydrate he heptahydrate i ka mahana maʻamau, i kapa ʻia ʻo "'ōmaʻomaʻo alum", ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ea maloʻo, ʻo ka oxidation o ka ʻeleʻele iron sulfate i loko o ka ea humid, ma 56.6 ℃ e lilo tetrahydrate, ma 65 ℃ e lilo i monohydrate.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ferrous sulfate i ka wai a aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol.ʻO kona wai hoʻoheheʻe oxidize mālie i ka ea ke anuanu, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki i ka wā wela.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka alkali a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i ka mālamalama hiki ke hoʻolalelale i kona oxidation.ʻO ka mānoanoa pili (d15) he 1.897.
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Ammonium Chloride
ʻO nā paʻakai Ammonium o ka waikawa hydrochloric, ka hapa nui o nā huahana o ka ʻoihana alkali.Nitrogen maʻiʻo o 24% ~ 26%, keʻokeʻo a iki melemele square paha octahedral liʻiliʻi crystals, pauka a me ka granular ʻelua mau ʻano dosage, granular ammonium chloride ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻomoʻi i ka wai, maʻalahi e mālama, a ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonium chloride pauka ma ke ʻano he kumu. fertilizer no ka hana ʻana i ka mea hoʻohuihui.He mea momona physiological ia, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ma ka lepo waikawa a me ka lepo saline-alkali no ka nui o ka chlorine, a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea kanu hua, nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā lau lau.
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Magnesium Chloride
He mea anoano i haku ʻia me 74.54% chlorine a me 25.48% magnesium a maʻamau i loko o ʻeono mau mole o ka wai kristal, MgCl2.6H2O.ʻO ke aniani monoclinic, a i ʻole ka paʻakai, loaʻa kekahi ʻano corrosive.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Magnesium oxide ke nalowale ka wai a me ka hydrogen chloride i ka wā hoʻomehana.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka acetone, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ethanol, methanol, pyridine.He deliqueses a hana i ka uahi i ka pulu ea, a sublimates ke keʻokeʻo wela i loko o ke kinoea kahawai o ka hydrogen.
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4A Zeolite
He ʻakika alumino-silicic maoli ia, ʻo ka paʻakai paʻakai i ke ahi, ma muli o ka hoʻokuke ʻia ʻana o ka wai i loko o ke aniani, e hana ana i kahi ʻano like me ka hū a me ka paila, i kapa ʻia ʻo "pōhaku paila" ma ke kiʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo "zeolite ”, hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole phosphate, ma kahi o ka sodium tripolyphosphate;I ka ʻaila a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ia e like me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, dehydration a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kinoea a me nā wai, a me ka catalyst a me ka wai palupalu.
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ʻAka Citric
He mea koʻikoʻi ka waika organik, kala kala ʻole, ʻala ʻole, he ʻono ʻawaʻawa ikaika, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me ka mea inu, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea ʻawaʻawa, mea hoʻonani a me ka preservative, preservative, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko. kemika, ʻoihana hoʻonaninani ma ke ʻano he antioxidant, plasticizer, detergent, anhydrous citric acid hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā mea inu.
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ʻO ka Sodium Silicate
ʻO ka sodium silicate kahi ʻano silicate inorganic, i ʻike nui ʻia he pyrophorine.ʻO Na2O·nSiO2 i hana ʻia e ka hoʻolei maloʻo he nui a maopopo, ʻoiai ʻo Na2O·nSiO2 i hana ʻia e ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai he granular, hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia ke hoʻololi ʻia i wai Na2O·nSiO2.ʻO nā huahana paʻa maʻamau Na2O·nSiO2: ① paʻa paʻa, ② paʻa paʻa, ③ ka sodium silicate koke, ④ wai ʻole sodium metasilicate, ⑤ sodium pentahydrate metasilicate, ⑥ sodium orthosilicate.
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Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
ʻO kekahi o nā paʻakai sodium o ka waikawa phosphoric, he paʻakai waika inorganic, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol.ʻO ka sodium dihydrogen phosphate he mea maka no ka hana ʻana i ka sodium hempetaphosphate a me ka sodium pyrophosphate.ʻO ia ke kala ʻeleʻele monoclinic prismatic crystal me ka mānoanoa pili o 1.52g/cm².
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Dibasic Sodium Phosphate
ʻO ia kekahi o nā paʻakai sodium o ka waikawa phosphoric.He pauda keʻokeʻo deliquescent, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a ʻo ka wai wai he alkaline nāwaliwali.ʻO ka Disodium hydrogen phosphate ka maʻalahi i ka lewa, ma ka lumi wela i waiho ʻia i ka lewa e nalowale ma kahi o 5 wai aniani e hana ai i ka heptahydrate, wela i 100 ℃ e nalowale ka wai aniani a pau i mea anhydrous, decomposition i ka sodium pyrophosphate ma 250 ℃.
