Māhele a me ka hana o nā mea kōkua detergent maʻamau

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻohui detergent i nā mea hoʻohui inorganic, e like me ka sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate a me nā paʻakai inorganic ʻē aʻe; nā mea hoʻohui organik, e like me nā mea anti-redeposition, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea kōkua e pili ana i ka decontamination i ka detergent e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana holoi ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he mau mea hoʻohui holoi, a he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka detergent nā mea hoʻohui detergent. ʻO nā hana nui o nā mea hoʻohui detergent: ʻo ka mua, he hopena ia o ka palupalu ʻana i ka wai, ʻo ka lua ke pāʻani i ke kuleana o ka alkaline buffering, a ʻo ka hope loa, he kuleana kona o ka pulu ʻana, ka emulsification, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi e pale aku i ka lepo mai ka hoʻopili hou ʻana i nā lole a me ka anti-redeposition.

He aha nā mea hoʻohui nui o ka detergent?

Sodium silicate
He mea hoʻopaʻa alkaline ia, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ke aniani wai a i ʻole paucine, he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi ia no ka pH alkaline detergent, e helu ana ma kahi o 10% a 3% o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pauka detergent. ʻO ka hana mua, ʻo ia ka pH buffer, ke kū'ē i ka corrosion, ka wai palupalu; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ka lole e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka detergent; ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kahe o ka slurry a me ka pauka; ʻO ka hā, he hopena synergistic kona me nā mea kōkua ʻē aʻe.

Sodium carbonate
I loko o nā mea hoʻohui detergent no ka mea hoʻohui wai palupalu, he mea hoʻohui wai palupalu ʻano ua, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka inoa maʻamau ʻo soda ash, a ʻo kekahi inoa maʻamau ʻo ka holoi alkali, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia he alkali, he paʻakai. I ke kālepa honua, i kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo soda a i ʻole alkali ash. Hiki i ka sodium carbonate ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka alkalinity, hiki ke hana i ka calcium carbonate a i ʻole ka magnesium precipitation me nā calcium a me nā magnesium ions i loko o ka wai, i mea e palupalu ai ka wai, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana nui o ka alkaline detergent.

4A zeolite
ʻO ka mea palupalu wai ʻano hoʻololi ion he mea kōkua maikaʻi ia no ke ʻano hoʻololi ion, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻololi ion calcium a me magnesium a hoʻomālielie i ka wai. No ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka zeolite i ka wai, i ʻole e noho ma luna o ka lole, aia kekahi mau koi no ka nui o nā ʻāpana o ka 4A zeolite. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka zeolite me ka sodium tripolyphosphate ma mua o ka hoʻohana wale ʻana. Loaʻa i ka 4A zeolite ka hana o ka buffering, dispersing a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka redeposition.

Sodium citrate
He mea palupalu wai chelating ia, a ʻo ka sodium citrate maʻamau he sodium citrate dihydrate a me sodium citrate pentahydrate. Loaʻa iā lākou ka solubility maikaʻi loa a hiki ke hana i nā chelates me nā ion calcium a me magnesium i loko o ka wai e palupalu ai i ka wai. He paʻakai kumu ikaika ka sodium citrate, a hiki i ka waikawa citric ke hana i kahi ʻōnaehana buffer pH ikaika, i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe he hiki ke mālama i kahi pae pH paʻa, no laila i kekahi mau hihia ʻaʻole kūpono no kahi ākea o nā loli pH, he wahi kūikawā ko sodium citrate.

Sodium sulfate
ʻO ka sodium sulfate decahydrate, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo glauberite. ʻO nā ʻāpana maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻāpana maikaʻi o ka sodium sulfate anhydrous, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pauka sodium. ʻO ka nui o ka sodium sulfate i hoʻohui ʻia i ka pauka holoi he 20% a 60%, ʻo ia ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui pauka holoi maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona hopena ma mua o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kumu nui ma muli o ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa o ka sodium sulfate, i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe detergent, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai o ka detergent, ʻoi aku ka hana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka detergent.

Hoʻokeʻokeʻo sodium percarbonate
ʻO ka sodium percarbonate, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka hydrogen peroxide paʻa, he hui hoʻohui ia o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka sodium carbonate, nona ka hana hoʻokeʻokeʻo.

Mea hoʻomālielie wai chelating polycarboxylate
ʻO ka Polycarboxylate, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke kahua o nā detergents, he ʻelua mau polymers i haku ʻia me ka acrylic homopolymer a me ka acrylic maleic acid copolymer. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano mea ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ma nā ion calcium a me magnesium, loaʻa ka hopena hoʻolaha maopopo ma ka calcium a me ka magnesium carbonate, loaʻa ka launa maikaʻi me nā ʻāpana detergent e like me nā mea hoʻohui surfactant, a loaʻa ka hopena anti-redeposition maikaʻi.
ʻO ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose kahi mea anti-fouling redeposition a ʻaʻohe ona hopena decontamination. ʻO ka mea nui o ka detergent i ka pale ʻana i ka redeposition o ka lepo, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika foaming a me ke kūpaʻa o ka huʻa o ka detergent, a he mau hana kemika colloidal paʻa hoʻi ka huahana.

He mea hoʻomālielie wai chelating ʻo EDTA
ʻO ka EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, he mea paʻakikī koʻikoʻi, he ʻeono mau ʻātoma hoʻohui, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka paʻakikī i kapa ʻia ʻo chelate. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā chelates me ka calcium, magnesium a me nā ion metala ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai e palupalu ai ka wai.

ʻAno maoli
Ua makemake nui ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻono i loko o ka detergent e nā mea kūʻai aku, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻono i loko o ka detergent ʻaʻole wale ia e hana i ka detergent i ka hana maikaʻi loa, akā e hana pū i ka lole a i ʻole ka lauoho ma hope o ka holoi ʻana, me kahi ʻala hou ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻono i hoʻohui ʻia i ka detergent ma kahi o 1%, akā ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka nui o nā huahana like ʻole, e like me ke kopa, ma muli o kāna hana kūikawā, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻono he 1.0% ~ 2.5%, ke kopa holoi lole 0.5% ~ 1%, ka pauka holoi lole 0.1% ~ 0.2%, e like me nā huahana like ʻole. ʻO nā mea ʻala i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he pua, mauʻu, lāʻau, a me ka mea ʻala hana. Pono e hoʻolohe i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻono detergent i nā mea ʻelua: ʻO ka mua, palekana, e hoʻemi i ka ʻili, ka lauoho, ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka maka, nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kino o ke kanaka; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ke kūpaʻa, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui i loko o ka detergent, pono e mālama ʻia ke kūpaʻa o ka essence ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline, ʻaʻole e pala a hoʻololi i ke kala, a ʻaʻole hiki ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana.