Ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana o PAC i ka mālama wai o ka hale hana mana wela
1. Ka mālama mua ʻana i ka wai hoʻonaninani
Loaʻa pinepine i nā kino wai kūlohelohe ka lepo, ka pālolo, ka humus a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a me nā haumia colloidal a me nā bacteria, fungi, algae, virus a me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe, he kūpaʻa ko lākou i ka wai, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka turbidity o ka wai, ke kala a me ka ʻala. Komo kēia mau mea olaola nui i loko o ka mea hoʻololi ion, hoʻohaumia i ka resin, hoʻemi i ka hiki ke hoʻololi o ka resin, a hoʻopilikia pū i ka maikaʻi o ka effluent o ka ʻōnaehana desalting. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka coagulation, ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka mālama kānana ʻana e wehe i kēia mau haumia ma ke ʻano he kumu nui, i hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai i lalo o 5mg/L, ʻo ia hoʻi, e loaʻa ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he pretreatment wai. Ma hope o ka pretreatment, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wai ma ke ʻano he wai paila wale nō ke wehe ʻia nā paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai e ka ion exchange a wehe ʻia nā kinoea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana a i ʻole ka vacuuming a i ʻole ka puhi ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole e wehe mua ʻia kēia mau haumia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ka mālama ʻana ma hope (desalting). No laila, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka coagulation o ka wai he loulou koʻikoʻi ia i ke kaʻina hana mālama wai.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau mua o ka hale hana mana wela penei: wai maka → coagulation → precipitation and clarification → filtration. ʻO nā coagulants i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ke kaʻina hana coagulation he polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, aluminum sulfate, ferric trichloride, etc. ʻO ka mea ma lalo nei e hoʻolauna nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka polyaluminum chloride.
ʻO ka Polyaluminum chloride, i kapa ʻia ʻo PAC, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna o ka lehu alumini a i ʻole nā minelala alumini ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ma ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe a me kekahi kaomi me ka alkali a me ka alumini i hana ʻia ai ka polymer, ʻokoʻa nā mea maka a me ke kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole like nā kikoʻī huahana. ʻO ke ʻano molekala o PAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, kahi hiki iā n ke lilo i helu helu ma waena o 1 a me 5, a ʻo m ka helu helu o ka hui 10. Loaʻa ka PAC i nā ʻano paʻa a me nā ʻano wai.
2. ʻAno hoʻopili
ʻEkolu mau hopena nui o nā coagulants ma nā ʻāpana colloidal i loko o ka wai: ka hoʻopau uila, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka adsorption a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana. ʻO wai o kēia mau hopena ʻekolu ka mea nui e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka coagulant, ke ʻano a me ka nui o nā ʻāpana colloidal i loko o ka wai, a me ka waiwai pH o ka wai. Ua like ke ʻano hana o ka polyaluminum chloride me ko ka alumini sulfate, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka alumini sulfate i loko o ka wai e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o Al3+ e hana ana i nā ʻano hydrolyzed like ʻole.
Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo Polyaluminum chloride he mau huahana waena like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana o ka hydrolysis a me ka polymerization o ka alumini chloride i loko o Al(OH)3 ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. Aia pololei ia i loko o ka wai ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano polymeric like ʻole a me A1(OH)a(s), me ka ʻole o ke kaʻina hana hydrolysis o Al3+.
3. Nā mea hoʻohana a me nā mea hoʻohuli
1. Mahana wai
He mana koʻikoʻi ko ka mahana o ka wai i ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka coagulation. Ke haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hydrolysis o ka coagulant, ʻoiai ke haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka wai ma mua o 5 ℃, lohi ka nui o ka hydrolysis, a he ʻano palupalu ka flocculant i hana ʻia, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka wai a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Ke haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka wai, hoʻonui ʻia ka solvation o nā ʻāpana colloidal, lōʻihi ka manawa flocculation, a lohi ka nui o ka sedimentation. Hōʻike ka noiʻi he ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka mahana o ka wai o 25 ~ 30 ℃.
2. ka waiwai pH o ka wai
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hydrolysis o ka polyaluminum chloride he kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokuʻu mau ʻana o H+. No laila, ma lalo o nā kūlana pH like ʻole, e loaʻa nā mea waena hydrolysis like ʻole, a ʻo ka waiwai pH maikaʻi loa o ka mālama ʻana i ka coagulation polyaluminum chloride ma waena o 6.5 a me 7.5. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena coagulation i kēia manawa.
3. Ka nui o ka mea hoʻohuihui
Ke lawa ʻole ka nui o ka coagulant i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koena o ka turbidity i loko o ka wai hoʻokuʻu. Ke nui loa ka nui, no ka mea, ʻo nā ʻāpana colloidal i loko o ka wai e hoʻopili i ka coagulant nui, loli ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā ʻāpana colloidal, e hopena ana i ka turbidity koena i loko o ka effluent e hoʻonui hou. ʻAʻole he hopena kemika maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana coagulation, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui i koi ʻia e like me ka helu ʻana, akā pono e hoʻoholo ʻia e like me ke ʻano o ka wai kikoʻī e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui kūpono; Ke loli ke ʻano o ka wai i kēlā me kēia kau, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka nui.
4. Mea hoʻopili
I ke kaʻina hana o ka mālama ʻana i ka coagulation a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau ua ʻē aʻe, inā he nui ka papa lepo i loko o ka wai, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka coagulation. Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi ʻili nui, ma o ka adsorption, catalysis a me ka crystallization core, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka coagulation.
ʻO ka hoʻopulapula coagulation kahi ʻano hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i kēia manawa. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana polyaluminum chloride ma ke ʻano he flocculant mālama wai, me ka hana coagulant maikaʻi, floc nui, dosage liʻiliʻi, pono kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopulapula wikiwiki, ākea ka laulā o ka noi a me nā pono ʻē aʻe, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka dosage flocculant kuʻuna hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia e 1/3 ~ 1/2, hiki ke mālama ʻia ke kumukūʻai he 40%. I hui pū ʻia me ka hana o ke kānana valveless a me ke kānana kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, ua emi nui ka turbidity o ka wai maka, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka effluent o ka ʻōnaehana desalt, a ua hoʻonui ʻia hoʻi ka hiki ke hoʻololi o ka resin desalt, a ua emi ke kumukūʻai hana.