Kemika a me ke kaʻina hana no ka wehe ʻana i ka naikokene amonia mai ka wai

1. He aha ka amonia nitrogen?

ʻO ka amonia nitrogen e pili ana i ka amonia ma ke ʻano o ka amonia manuahi (a i ʻole ka amonia non-ionic, NH3) a i ʻole ka amonia ionic (NH4+).ʻOi aku ka pH kiʻekiʻe a me ka hapa nui o ka ammonia manuahi;ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻakai ammonium.

ʻO ka amonia nitrogen he meaʻai i loko o ka wai, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka eutrophication wai, a ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohaumia nui e hoʻopau ai i ka oxygen i ka wai, he mea ʻawaʻawa i ka iʻa a me kekahi mau mea ola wai.

ʻO ka hopena pōʻino nui o ka ammonia nitrogen ma luna o nā mea ola wai he ammonia manuahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻona ma mua o ka paʻakai ammonium, a piʻi aʻe me ka piʻi ʻana o ka alkalinity.ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa ʻo Ammonia nitrogen e pili pono ana i ka pH waiwai a me ka mahana o ka wai o ka wai loko, ma ke ʻano nui, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pH waiwai a me ka mahana o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻona.

ʻElua mau ʻano colorimetric sensitivity i hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka amonia, ʻo ia ke ʻano reagent Nessler maʻamau a me ke ʻano phenol-hypochlorite.Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā titrations a me nā ʻano uila no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka amonia;Ke kiʻekiʻe ka maʻiʻo ammonia nitrogen, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano distillation titration.(ʻO nā maʻamau o ke aupuni ke ʻano reagent a Nath, salicylic acid spectrophotometry, distillation - titration method)

2.Physical a me ka naikokene kemika wehe kaʻina

① Ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kemika

ʻO ke ʻano o ka ua kemika, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka MAP precipitation method, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka magnesium a me ka phosphoric acid a i ʻole hydrogen phosphate i ka wai ʻōpala i loaʻa ka amonia nitrogen, i hana ai ka NH4+ i loko o ka wai ʻōpala me Mg+ a me PO4- i loko o kahi hopena wai e hoʻohua ai i ka ua. , ʻo ka molecular formula MgNH4P04.6H20, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka wehe ʻana i ka nitrogen ammonia.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Magnesium ammonium phosphate, i kapa ʻia ʻo struvite, ma ke ʻano he compost, hoʻohui lepo a i ʻole ke ahi ahi no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā huahana.Penei ka hoohalike pane.

Mg++ NH4 + + PO4 – = MgNH4P04

ʻO nā kumu nui e pili ana i ka hopena lapaʻau o ka ua kemika, ʻo ia ka pH waiwai, ka mahana, ka ʻenekona amonia a me ka ratio molar (n(Mg+) : n(NH4+) : n(P04-)).Hōʻike nā hopena inā he 10 ka pH waiwai a ʻo ka ratio molar o ka magnesium, nitrogen a me ka phosphorus he 1.2:1:1.2, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena lapaʻau.

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka magnesium chloride a me ka disodium hydrogen phosphate ma ke ʻano he precipitating agents, hōʻike nā hopena i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana inā he 9.5 ka pH waiwai a ʻo ka ratio molar o ka magnesium, nitrogen a me ka phosphorus he 1.2:1:1.

Hōʻike nā hopena i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 ma mua o nā hui ʻoihana precipitating ʻē aʻe.Inā he 10.0 ka pH waiwai, he 30 ℃ ka mahana, n(Mg+): n(NH4+): n(P04-)= 1:1:1, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka naikokene amonia i loko o ka wai ʻino ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana no 30min. mai 222mg/L ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka 17mg/L, a ʻo 92.3% ka wehe ʻana.

Ua hui pū ʻia ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kemika a me ke ʻano o ka membrane wai no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻenehana ammonia nitrogen.Ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka optimization o ke kaʻina hana ua, hiki i ka 98.1% ka wehe ʻana o ka ammonia nitrogen, a laila ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me ke ʻano wai kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hoʻemi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka amonia nitrogen i 0.005g/L, a hiki i ka pae mua o ka papa mua.

Ua noiʻi ʻia ka hopena hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā ion metala divalent (Ni+, Mn+, Zn+, Cu+, Fe+) ma waho aʻe o Mg+ ma ka nitrogen amonia ma lalo o ka hana o ka phosphate.Ua noi ʻia kahi kaʻina hana hou o ka ua ʻo CaSO4-MAP no ka wai ʻōpala ammonium sulfate.Hōʻike nā hopena e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mea hoʻoponopono NaOH kuʻuna e ka lime.

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka ua kemika i ka wā i kiʻekiʻe ai ka nui o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen, ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, e like me ke ʻano biological, break point chlorination method, membrane separation method, ion exchange method, etc. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kemika no ka mālama mua ʻana.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ua kemika, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia e ka mahana, a maʻalahi ka hana.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sludge precipitated i loko o ka magnesium ammonium phosphate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohuihui e ʻike ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōpala, no laila e hoʻopau i kahi hapa o ke kumukūʻai;Inā hiki ke hui pū ʻia me kekahi mau ʻoihana ʻoihana e hana ana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe phosphate a me nā ʻoihana e hana ana i ka brine paʻakai, hiki iā ia ke mālama i nā kumukūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka noi nui.

ʻO ka hemahema o ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kemika ma muli o ke kaohi ʻana o ka huahana solubility o ka ammonium magnesium phosphate, ma hope o ka hiki ʻana o ka nitrogen ammonia i loko o ka wai ʻōpala i kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena a hoʻonui nui ʻia ke kumukūʻai komo.No laila, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kemika i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i kūpono no ka mālama holomua.ʻO ka nui o ka reagent i hoʻohana ʻia he nui, nui ka sludge i hana ʻia, a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai lapaʻau.ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ion chloride a me ke koena o ka phosphorus i ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika hiki ke hana maʻalahi i ka pollution lua.

Wholesale Aluminum Sulfate Manufacturer and Supplier |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)

Wholesale Dibasic Sodium Phosphate Manufacturer and Supplier |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)

②Blow off ala

ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka amonia nitrogen ma ka puhi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka waiwai pH i ka alkaline, i hoʻohuli ʻia ka ion ammonia i loko o ka wai ʻino i ka amonia, no laila e noho nui ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka amonia manuahi, a laila lawe ʻia ka ammonia manuahi. o ka wai ʻino ma o ke kinoea halihali, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka wehe ʻana i ka naikokene amonia.ʻO nā kumu nui e pili ana i ka pono o ka puhi ʻana ʻo ia ka pH waiwai, ka mahana, ke kinoea-wai ratio, ka holo ʻana o ke kinoea, ka neʻe mua a pēlā aku.I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano blow-off i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka naikokene amonia.

Ua aʻo ʻia ka wehe ʻana o ka naikokene amonia mai ka leachate landfill ma ke ʻano blow-off.Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo nā kumu koʻikoʻi e hoʻomalu ana i ka pono o ka puhi ʻana ʻo ia ka mahana, ka ratio kinoea-wai a me ka waiwai pH.Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai ma mua o 2590, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kinoea-wai ma kahi o 3500, a ʻo ka pH ma kahi o 10.5, hiki ke piʻi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana ma mua o 90% no ka leachate landfill me ka nui o ka naikokene amonia e like me 2000-4000mg/ L.Hōʻike nā hopena i ka wā pH=11.5, ʻo 80cC ka wela o ka wehe ʻana a ʻo ka manawa wehe ʻana he 120min, hiki i ka 99.2% ka lawe ʻana o ka ammonia nitrogen i ka wai ʻino.

Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka puhi ʻana o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen kiʻekiʻe e ka hale kiaʻi hoʻokuʻu ʻana.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i hoʻonui ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka puhi ʻana me ka piʻi ʻana o ka waiwai pH.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka lākiō kinoea-wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka nui o ka ammonia, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehe ʻana.

ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka nitrogen ammonia e ka puhi ʻana he mea maikaʻi, maʻalahi e hana a maʻalahi hoʻi e kāohi.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nitrogen ammonia i puhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he absorber me ka sulfuric acid, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kālā sulfuric acid i mea hoʻomomona.ʻO ke ala Blow-off kahi ʻenehana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i ke kino a me ke kinikini i kēia manawa.Eia nō naʻe, he mau hemahema ke ʻano o ka puhi ʻana, e like me ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana i ka hale kiaʻi puhi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka pollution lua ma muli o ke kinoea puhi.Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ke ʻano o ka puhi ʻana me nā ʻano hana hoʻōla wai ʻona ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala amonia nitrogen kiʻekiʻe.

③Wāhi wahi chlorination

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka amonia ma ka chlorination wahi haʻihaʻi, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o ke kinoea chlorine me ka amonia e hana i ke kinoea nitrogen ʻinoʻole, a pakele ʻo N2 i ka lewa, e hoʻomau i ke kumu pane i ka ʻākau.ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikelike:

HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 – > 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl – 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)

Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke kinoea chlorine i loko o ka wai ʻino i kekahi wahi, haʻahaʻa ka ʻike o ka chlorine manuahi i loko o ka wai, a ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ka amonia he zero.Ke hala ka nui o ke kinoea chlorine i ka lae, e mahuahua ka nui o ka chlorine manuahi i loko o ka wai, nolaila, ua kapaia ka lae he break point, a ua kapaia ka chlorination ma keia mokuaina he break point chlorination.

Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano chlorination break point no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala ma hope o ka puhi ʻana i ka ammonia nitrogen, a pili pono ka hopena lapaʻau e ka pretreatment ammonia nitrogen blowing process.Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka 70% o ka nitrogen ammonia i loko o ka wai ʻino ma ke kaʻina puhi ʻana a laila mālama ʻia e ka break point chlorination, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka naikokene amonia i loko o ka effluent ma lalo o 15mg/L.ʻO Zhang Shengli et al.lawe i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen simulated me ka nui o 100mg/L e like me ka noiʻi mea, a ua hōʻike nā hopena noiʻi ʻo nā kumu nui a me nā kumu lua e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana o ka amonia nitrogen ma o ka oxidation o ka sodium hypochlorite ʻo ia ka nui o ka chlorine i ka amonia nitrogen, ka manawa pane, a me ka waiwai pH.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana chlorination break point he kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka nitrogen, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka 100%, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka amonia i loko o ka wai ʻino.Paʻa ka hopena a ʻaʻole pili i ka mahana;ʻO nā lako hoʻolimalima liʻiliʻi, pane wikiwiki a piha;Loaʻa iā ia ka hopena o ka sterilization a me ka disinfection ma ke kino wai.ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina chlorination break point ʻo ia ka emi ʻana o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen ma mua o 40mg/L, no laila ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano hoʻomaha chlorination no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa holomua ʻana o ka wai ʻōpala naikokene amonia.He kiʻekiʻe ke koi o ka hoʻohana palekana a me ka mālama ʻana, he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama ʻana, a ʻo nā huahana chloramines a me nā organik chlorinated e hoʻohaumia i ka lua.

④catalytic oxidation ala

Catalytic oxidation ala ma o ka hana o ka catalyst, ma lalo o kekahi wela a me ka puʻe, ma o ka ea oxidation, organika mea a me ka amonia i loko o ka pauku hiki ke oxidized a decomposed i harmless mea e like me CO2, N2 a me H2O, e hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka hopena o ka catalytic oxidation ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona catalyst, ka mahana, ka manawa hoʻonā, ka waiwai pH, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nitrogen ammonia, ke kaomi, ka hoʻoulu ʻana a pēlā aku.

Ua aʻo ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka ozonated ammonia nitrogen.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ka wā i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka waiwai pH, ua hana ʻia kahi ʻano H o radical me ka hiki ke hoʻokahe ikaika ʻia, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka oxidation.Hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki i ka ozone ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka nitrogen ammonia i ka nitrite a me ka nitrite i ka nitrate.Ke emi nei ka neʻe ʻana o ka ammonia nitrogen i ka wai me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka manawa, a ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ka ammonia nitrogen ma kahi o 82%.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo CuO-Mn02-Ce02 ma ke ʻano he catalyst composite no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala naikokene amonia.Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻokolohua ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hana oxidation o ka catalyst composite hou i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a ʻo nā kūlana kaʻina kūpono he 255 ℃, 4.2MPa a me ka pH=10.8.I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai ʻawaʻawa ammonia nitrogen me ka neʻe mua ʻana o 1023mg/L, hiki i ka neʻe ʻana o ka amonia nitrogen ke piʻi i 98% i loko o 150min, a hiki i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kula kiʻekiʻe (50mg/L).

Ua noiʻi ʻia ka hana catalytic o ka zeolite kākoʻo ʻia ʻo TiO2 photocatalyst ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka helu hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka naikokene amonia i loko o ka hopena sulfuric acid.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa he 1.5g/L ka helu kūpono loa o Ti02/ zeolite photocatalyst a ʻo ka manawa pane he 4h ma lalo o ka ultraviolet irradiation.Hiki i ka 98.92% ka wehe ʻana o ka naikokene amonia mai ka wai ʻino.Ua aʻo ʻia ka hopena wehe o ka hao kiʻekiʻe a me ka nano-chin dioxide ma lalo o ke kukui ultraviolet ma ka phenol a me ka nitrogen amonia.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa he 97.5% ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka nitrogen ammonia ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pH=9.0 i ka solution ammonia nitrogen me ka manaʻo o 50mg/L, ʻo ia ka 7.8% a me 22.5% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole Chine dioxide wale nō.

Loaʻa i ke ʻano Catalytic oxidation ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka hana maʻalahi, ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o lalo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e mālama i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka noi ʻana pehea e pale ai i ka nalowale o ka catalyst a me ka pale corrosion o nā mea hana.

⑤Electrochemical oxidation ala

ʻO ke ʻano o ka electrochemical oxidation e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia i ka wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka electrooxidation me ka hana catalytic.ʻO nā mea e hoʻoulu ai ʻo ia ka nui o kēia manawa, ka kahe kahe o loko, ka manawa puka a me ka manawa hoʻonā kiko.

Ua aʻo ʻia ka electrochemical oxidation o ka wai ʻawaʻawa ammonia-nitrogen i loko o ke kahe uila electrolytic cell, kahi o ka maikaʻi ʻo Ti/Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 uila uila a ʻo ka mea maikaʻi ʻole ʻo Ti network uila.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i ka wā o ka chloride ion concentration he 400mg/L, ka mua o ka ammonia nitrogen concentration he 40mg/L, ke kahe kahe o ka influent he 600mL/min, he 20mA/cm ka nui o keia manawa, a he 90min ka manawa electrolytic, ka amonia. ʻO 99.37% ka neʻe ʻana o ka nitrogen.Hōʻike ia i ka electrolytic oxidation o ka wai ʻōpala ammonia-nitrogen i kahi manaʻo noi maikaʻi.

3. Ke kaʻina hoʻoneʻe biochemical nitrogen

①ka nitrification a pau a me ka denitrification

ʻO ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa nitrification a me ka denitrification kahi ʻano ʻano hana olaola i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi i kēia manawa.Hoʻololi ia i ka naikokene amonia i loko o ka wai ʻino i ka nitrogen ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena e like me ka nitrification a me ka denitrification ma lalo o ka hana a nā microorganisms like ʻole, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka nitrification a me ka denitrification e wehe i ka amonia nitrogen pono e hele i ʻelua mau pae:

Pane Nitrification: Hoʻopau ʻia ka hopena nitrification e nā microorganism autotrophic aerobic.Ma ka moku'āina aerobic, hoʻohana ʻia ka nitrogen inorganic e like me ke kumu nitrogen e hoʻololi i ka NH4+ i NO2-, a laila hoʻoneʻe ʻia i NO3-.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana nitrification i ʻelua mau pae.Ma ka papa ʻelua, hoʻololi ʻia ka nitrite i nitrate (NO3-) e ka nitrifying bacteria, a hoʻololi ʻia ka nitrite i nitrate (NO3-) e ka nitrifying bacteria.

ʻO ka hopena Denitrification: ʻO ka hopena Denitrification ke kaʻina hana e hōʻemi ai i nā bacteria denitrifying i ka nitrite nitrogen a me ka nitrate nitrogen i ke kinoea (N2) i ke kūlana hypoxia.He mau microorganism heterotrophic ka nui o ia mau mea i ka bacteria amphictic.I ka moku'āina o ka hypoxia, hoʻohana lākou i ka oxygen i loko o ka nitrate ma ke ʻano he electron acceptor a me ka mea organik (BOD component in sege) ma ke ʻano hāʻawi electron e hāʻawi i ka ikehu a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

ʻO ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa nitrification a me ka hoʻohana ʻenehana denitrification ʻo ia ka nui o AO, A2O, oxidation ditch, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ke ʻano oʻo i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana hoʻoneʻe nitrogen biological.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka nitrification a me ka denitrification ka maikaʻi o ka hopena paʻa, ka hana maʻalahi, ʻaʻohe pollution lua a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.Loaʻa i kēia ʻano kekahi mau hemahema, e like me ke kumu kalapona pono e hoʻohui ʻia i ka wā e haʻahaʻa ai ka lakene C / N i ka wai ʻino, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka mahana, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka hana haʻahaʻa, nui ka wahi, koi ka oxygen nui, a ʻo kekahi mau mea ʻino e like me nā ion metala kaumaha he hopena koʻikoʻi i nā microorganism, pono e wehe ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke ʻano biological.Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka naikokene amonia i loko o ka wai ʻino he hopena hoʻoneʻe i ka hana nitrification.No laila, pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen kiʻekiʻe no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻōpala o ka wai ʻona amonia ma mua o 500mg/L.He kūpono ke ʻano kuʻuna kuʻuna no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ammonia nitrogen i loaʻa i nā mea olaola, e like me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe home, ka wai ʻino kemika, etc.

②Ka hoʻokaʻawale like ʻana a me ka denitrification (SND)

Ke lawe pū ʻia ka nitrification a me ka denitrification i ka reactor hoʻokahi, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka simultaneous digestion denitrification (SND).ʻO ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai ʻino i kaupalena ʻia e ka diffusion rate e hana i kahi gradient oxygen dissolved i ka microenvironment area ma ka microbial floc a i ʻole biofilm, ka mea e hana ai i ka gradient oxygen dissolved ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka microbial floc a i ʻole biofilm kūpono i ka ulu a me ka hoʻolaha. o ka bacteria nitrifying aerobic a me ka bacteria ammoniating.ʻO ka hohonu i loko o ka floc a i ʻole ka membrane, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka neʻe ʻana o ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka hopena i kahi ʻāpana anoxic kahi e lanakila ai ka bacteria denitrifying.Pēlā e hana ai i ka digestion a me ka hana denitrification.ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe like ʻana a me ka denitrification ka waiwai PH, ka mahana, ka alkalinity, ke kumu kalapona organik, ka oxygen dissolved a me ka makahiki sludge.

Loaʻa ka nitrification / denitrification like i loko o ka auwai Carrousel oxidation, a ua emi iki ka neʻe ʻana o ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma waena o ka impeller aerated i loko o ka auwai Carrousel oxidation, a ʻo ka oxygen dissolved ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka auwai Carrousel oxidation ua emi iho ma mua o ka mea ma luna. .ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka nitrate nitrogen ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ke kahawai ua aneane like, a ʻo ka ʻike ʻana o ka naikokene amonia i loko o ke kahawai he haʻahaʻa loa ia, e hōʻike ana i ka hopena o ka nitrification a me ka denitrification i ka manawa like ma ke kahawai Carrousel oxidation.

Hōʻike ka haʻawina e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hale i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka CODCr, ʻoi aku ka piha o ka denitrification a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehe ʻana o TN.He nui ka hopena o ka oxygen dissolved ma ka nitrification like a me ka denitrification.Ke hoʻomaluʻia ka oxygen dissolved ma 0.5 ~ 2mg / L, maikaʻi ka hopena o ka laweʻana i ka nitrogen.I ka manawa like, mālama ke ʻano nitrification a me ka denitrification i ka reactor, pōkole ka manawa pane, haʻahaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, mālama kālā, a maʻalahi ke mālama i ka waiwai pH paʻa.

③ ʻO ka hoʻoemi pōkole a me ka denitrification

Ma ka reactor hoʻokahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā bacteria oxidizing ammonia e hoʻoheheʻe i ka amonia i nitrite ma lalo o nā kūlana aerobic, a laila hoʻopau pololei ʻia ka nitrite e hana i ka nitrogen me ka mea organik a i ʻole ke kumu kalapona waho e like me ka mea hāʻawi electron ma lalo o nā kūlana hypoxia.ʻO nā mea hoʻoikaika o ka nitrification pōkole a me ka denitrification ʻo ka mahana, ka amonia manuahi, ka waiwai pH a me ka oxygen dissolved.

Ka hopena o ka wela i ka nitrification pōkole o ka wai kai me ka wai kai ʻole a me ka wai kai me 30% wai kai.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa hoʻokolohua: no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale me ka wai ʻole o ke kai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahana no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nitrification pōkole.Inā he 30% ka nui o ka wai kai i loko o ka ʻilikai hale, hiki ke hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ka nitrification pōkole ma lalo o nā kūlana wela.Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Delft University of Technology i ke kaʻina SHARON, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe (e pili ana i 30-4090) e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka bacteria nitrite, no laila e nalowale ka bacteria nitrite i ka hoʻokūkū, ʻoiai ma ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka makahiki o ka sludge e hoʻopau i ka bacteria nitrite, no laila ʻo ka hopena nitrification i ka pae nitrite.

Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka pilina o ka oxygen ma waena o ka bacteria nitrite a me ka bacteria nitrite, ua hoʻomohala ka Gent Microbial Ecology Laboratory i ke kaʻina OLAND e hoʻokō ai i ka hōʻiliʻili o ka nitrite nitrogen ma o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka oxygen dissolved e hoʻopau i ka bacteria nitrite.

ʻO nā hopena hoʻokolohua hoʻokele o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino coking ma ka nitrification pōkole a me ka denitrification e hōʻike ana i ka wā o ka nui o ka COD, amonia nitrogen, TN a me phenol concentrations he 1201.6,510.4,540.1 a me 110.4mg/L, ʻo ka awelika effluent COD, amonia nitrogen. ,TN a me ka phenol ka nui o 197.1,14.2,181.5 a me 0.4mg/L.He 83.6%,97.2%, 66.4% a me 99.6% ka huina hoonee like.

ʻAʻole hele ke kaʻina hana nitrification a me ka denitrification pōkole ma ke kahua nitrate, e mālama ana i ke kumu kalapona i koi ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i ka nitrogen biological.Loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau pōmaikaʻi no ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen me ka ratio C/N haʻahaʻa.Loaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka nitrification pōkole a me ka denitrification o ka liʻiliʻi o ka lepo, ka manawa hoʻonā pōkole a me ka mālama ʻana i ka leo reactor.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nitrification pōkole a me ka denitrification e koi i ka hōʻiliʻili paʻa a mau loa o ka nitrite, no laila pehea e pale pono ai i ka hana o ka nitrifying bacteria ke kī.

④ Anaerobic ammonia oxidation

ʻO ka anaerobic ammoxidation kahi kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoheheʻe pololei ʻana o ka amonia nitrogen i ka nitrogen e ka autotrophic bacteria ma lalo o ke kūlana hypoxia, me ka nitrous nitrogen a i ʻole nitrous nitrogen ma ke ʻano he electron acceptor.

Ua aʻo ʻia nā hopena o ka mahana a me ka PH ma ka hana olaola o anammoX.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻo ka mahana hopena maikaʻi loa he 30 ℃ a ʻo ka waiwai pH he 7.8.Ua aʻo ʻia ka hiki o ka anaerobic ammoX reactor no ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe a me ka wai ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe.Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe i kaohi nui ʻana i ka hana anammoX, a ua hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia kēia inhibition.ʻO ka hana anaerobic ammox o ka sludge unacclimated he 67.5% haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hoʻomalu ʻana ma lalo o ka salinity o 30g.L-1(NaC1).ʻO ka hana anammoX o ka sludge acclimated he 45.1% haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mana.Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka sludge acclimated mai kahi wahi paʻakai kiʻekiʻe i kahi wahi paʻakai haʻahaʻa (ʻaʻohe brine), ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana anaerobic ammoX e 43.1%.Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka reactor ke hana i ka emi ʻana ke holo ʻo ia i ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kaʻina hana kuʻuna olaola, ʻo ka anaerobic ammoX kahi ʻenehana hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka nitrogen biological me ka loaʻa ʻole o ke kumu kalapona hou, koi haʻahaʻa oxygen, ʻaʻohe pono o nā reagents e hoʻokaʻawale, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka sludge.ʻO nā hemahema o ka ammox anaerobic he lohi ka wikiwiki o ka hopena, nui ka nui o ka reactor, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kumu kalapona i ka anaerobic amMOX, he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻonā ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen me ka biodegradability maikaʻi ʻole.

4.separation a me adsorption naikokene wehe kaʻina

① ʻano hoʻokaʻawale membrane

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka permeability koho o ka membrane e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea i loko o ka wai, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka lawe ʻana i ka naikokene amonia.Me ka reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, deammoniating membrane a me ka electrodialysis.ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona membrane, ke kaomi a i ʻole ka volta, ka waiwai pH, ka mahana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka nitrogen ammonia.

E like me ka maikaʻi o ka wai o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka mea hoʻoheheʻe honua, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokolohua reverse osmosis me NH4C1 a me NaCI simulated water waste.Ua ʻike ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana like, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka reverse osmosis o ka NaCI, aʻo ka NHCl ka nui o ka hana wai.ʻO 77.3% ka helu hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka NH4C1 ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka osmosis reverse, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala nitrogen ammonia.Hiki i ka ʻenehana reverse osmosis ke mālama i ka ikehu, ka paʻa wela maikaʻi, akā maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa o ka chlorine, ʻilihune ka pale ʻana i ka pollution.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi kaʻina hoʻokaʻawale biochemical nanofiltration membrane e mālama i ka leachate landfill, no laila ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka 85% ~ 90% o ka wai permeable e like me ka maʻamau, a ʻo 0% ~ 15% wale nō o ka wai a me ka lepo i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka lepo. pahu ʻōpala.Ozturki et al.mālama i ka landfill leachate o Odayeri ma Tureke me ka nanofiltration membrane, a me ka lawe ana o ka amonia nitrogen ma kahi o 72%.Pono ka nanofiltration membrane i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka reverse osmosis membrane, maʻalahi e hana.

Hoʻohana maʻamau ka ʻōnaehana membrane hoʻoneʻe ammonia i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino me ka nitrogen amonia kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ke koena o ka ammonia nitrogen i loko o ka wai: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O i ka hana, kahe ka wai ʻino i loko o ka ammonia i loko o ka pūpū o ka module membrane, a kahe ka wai hoʻopaʻa wai i ka paipu o ka membrane. module.Ke piʻi aʻe ka PH o ka wai ʻino a piʻi paha ka wela, e neʻe ke kaulike i ka ʻākau, a lilo ka ammonium ion NH4- i ke kinoea manuahi NH3.I kēia manawa, hiki i ke kinoea NH3 ke komo i ka pae wai hoʻoheheʻe wai i loko o ka paipu mai ka pae wai ʻino i loko o ka pūpū ma o nā micropores ma luna o ka ʻili o ka pulupulu puʻupuʻu, i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ka hopena waika a lilo koke i ionic NH4-.E mālama i ka PH o ka wai ʻino ma luna o 10, a me ka mahana ma luna o 35 ° C (ma lalo o 50 ° C), no laila e lilo mau ka NH4 i loko o ka wai ʻino i ka NH3 i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae wai.ʻO ka hopena, ua emi mau ka neʻe ʻana o ka ammonia nitrogen ma ka ʻaoʻao wai ʻino.ʻO ka pae wai hoʻoheheʻe wai, no ka mea aia wale nō ka waikawa a me ka NH4-, hana i ka paʻakai ammonium maʻemaʻe loa, a hiki i kahi ʻike ma hope o ka holo mau ʻana, hiki ke hana hou ʻia.Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻenehana ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka neʻe ʻana o ka amonia nitrogen i loko o ka wai ʻino, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻōla wai.

②ʻano electrodialysis

ʻO ka Electrodialysis kahi ʻano o ka wehe ʻana i nā mea paʻa i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai nā hoʻonā wai ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka volta ma waena o nā paipu membrane.Ma lalo o ka hana o ka volta, hoʻonui ʻia nā ion ammonia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia-nitrogen ma o ka membrane i loko o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ammonia, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka wehe ʻana.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano electrodialysis no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala inorganic me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka naikokene amonia a loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi.No ka 2000-3000mg / L ammonia nitrogen wastewater, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ammonia nitrogen ma mua o 85%, a hiki ke loaʻa i ka wai amonia concentrated e 8.9%.ʻO ka nui o ka uila i hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā o ka hana electrodialysis e like me ka nui o ka amonia nitrogen i loko o ka wai ʻino.ʻAʻole kaupalena ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino e ka pH waiwai, ka mahana a me ke kaomi, a maʻalahi ka hana.

ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane he kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka amonia nitrogen, ka hana maʻalahi, ka hopena mālama paʻa a ʻaʻohe pollution lua.Eia nō naʻe, i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen kiʻekiʻe, koe wale nō ka membrane deammoniated, maʻalahi nā membrane ʻē aʻe i ka unahi a clog, a ʻo ka hana hou ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana i nā mea maʻamau, e hoʻonui ana i ke kumukūʻai lapaʻau.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

③ ʻano hoʻololi ion

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka Ion kahi ala e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka nitrogen ammonia mai ka wai ʻino me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea me ka hoʻopili koho ikaika o nā ion amonia.ʻO nā mea adsorption maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia he carbon activated, zeolite, montmorillonite a me ka resin exchange.ʻO Zeolite kahi ʻano silico-aluminate me ʻekolu-dimensional spatial structure, hoʻonohonoho pore maʻamau a me nā lua, i waena o ka clinoptilolite he ikaika koho adsorption koho no nā ion amonia a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, no laila ua hoʻohana mau ʻia ia e like me kahi mea adsorption no ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen. ma ka ʻenekinia.ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka clinoptilolite e pili ana i ka nui o ka ʻāpana, ka nui o ka ammonia nitrogen concentration, ka manawa pili, ka waiwai pH a pēlā aku.

ʻIke ʻia ka hopena adsorption o ka zeolite ma ka nitrogen ammonia, a ukali ʻia e ka ranite, a maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena o ka lepo a me ka ceramisite.ʻO ke ala nui e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka nitrogen ammonia mai ka zeolite ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ion, a he liʻiliʻi loa ka hopena adsorption kino.ʻO ka hopena hoʻololi ion o ka ceramite, ka lepo a me ka ranite e like me ka hopena adsorption kino.Ua emi ka mana adsorption o nā mea hoʻopihapiha ʻehā me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana ma ka laulā o 15-35 ℃, a hoʻonui ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka waiwai pH i ka pae o 3-9.Ua loaʻa ka equilibrium adsorption ma hope o 6h oscillation.

Ua aʻo ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka naikokene ammonia mai ka leachate landfill e ka zeolite adsorption.Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻokolohua i kēlā me kēia gram o ka zeolite i ka palena adsorption hiki o 15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, i ka wā o ka nui o ka zeolite particle 30-16 mesh, hiki i ka 78.5% ka wehe ʻana o ka naikokene amonia, a ma lalo o ka manawa adsorption like, dosage a me ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka zeolite, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka naikokene amonia influent, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka adsorption rate, a hiki ke hiki i ka zeolite ma ke ʻano he adsorbent e wehe i ka nitrogen ammonia mai ka leachate.I ka manawa like, ua kuhikuhi ʻia he haʻahaʻa ka adsorption rate o ka amonia nitrogen e ka zeolite, a paʻakikī i ka zeolite ke hiki i ka mana adsorption saturation i ka hana pono.

Ua aʻo ʻia ka hopena hoʻoneʻe o ka moena zeolite biological ma luna o ka nitrogen, COD a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe kauhale.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o ka amonia nitrogen e ka moena zeolite biological ma mua o 95%, a ʻo ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka nitrogen nitrate e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka manawa noho hydraulic.

Loaʻa i ke ʻano hoʻololi ion nā mea maikaʻi o ka hoʻopukapuka liʻiliʻi, ka hana maʻalahi, ka hana maʻalahi, ka ʻike ʻole i ka lāʻau a me ka mahana, a me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka zeolite e ka hana hou.Eia nō naʻe, i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ammonia nitrogen kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hana hou ʻana, e lawe mai i ka pilikia i ka hana, no laila pono e hui pū ʻia me nā ʻano hana lapaʻau amonia nitrogen ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka wai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ammonia nitrogen.

Wholesale 4A Zeolite Manufacturer and Supplier |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)